Accurate and Scalable Contour-based Camera Pose Estimation Using Deep Learning with Synthetic Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pose detection of objects is an important topic in object-level mapping and indoor localization. In the past, pose estimation methods were performed either with the help of artificial markers or natural features found on the object. However, due to the fact that the markers can only be utilized in controlled environment experiments, the application of marker-based approaches is very limited. Furthermore, methods that depend on the object's natural visual features require texture on the object and lack robustness to illumination and camera viewpoint variations. With the advent of Deep Learning (DL), the classical pose estimation methods have been outperformed. The DL-based pose estimation can detect deep features of the object and exhibits higher robustness to many distortions and variabilities caused by the changes in the illumination and viewpoint conditions. However, the massive training data set requirement is the main challenge with most DL-based methods. The training set is often a real set of images that have been manually labeled or annotated. In addition, such methods face problems related to the degradation of their predicted accuracy in the presence of uncertainties due to the symmetrical structure of many objects. To address the aforementioned issues, a novel and very fast method for generating synthetic data, as well as a contour-based technique for accurate pose estimation (that can handle pose ambiguities for a symmetrical object) are proposed in this paper. The tests that are conducted in multiple indoor scenarios demonstrate not only the effectiveness of the synthetic data generation but also exhibit, in many cases, the very high accuracy of the proposed pose estimation method.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".