Reflection of light as a mechanical phenomenon applied to the Michelson interferometer with sunlight as a source
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emission, propagation, and reflection of light are mechanical phenomena; therefore, these phenomena are observed in an inertial frame as in the frame at absolute rest. At Cleveland Laboratory in 1924, Miller performed experiments with a Michelson interferometer employing local sources and sunlight. The fringe shift is zero in experiments such as the Michelson‐Morley, where the source and mirrors are at rest in Earth's inertial frame, which explains Miller's experiments with local sources. When the source or/and mirrors are in motion in an inertial frame, there is a fringe shift. The Sun is an inertial frame at relative rest in which its light travels at the speed c in any direction, and Earth travels at the orbital speed v . This is the case of Miller's experiments with sunlight for which this article predicts an unobservable fringe shift in the range of 10 − 8 . Thus, the Cleveland Laboratory experiments involving sunlight and local sources are explained. Miller's observed fringe shift of 0.08 in 1921 and 0.088 in 1925 at Mount Wilson remains unclear, leaving this subject open to theoretical and experimental challenges.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".