Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work interprets Quebec history in a socio-economic framework, based on a re-evaluation of the traditional periodization.It is part of an ongoing historiographical debate in Quebec.Ronald Rudin (1992) has suggested that we, along with other "revisionist" intellectuals, have played down the influence of Catholicism in favour of emphasizing materialist factors and Quebec's "normality" as a North American society.We certainly see economic conditions, class, gender, and race as central to the Quebec experience, but we hope that the reader will see that this work also gives full treatment to the place of ethnicity and religion in Quebec society, and insists on Quebec's distinctness.Regionalism is important in Quebec.Life in the Gaspé and on the Montreal plain, for example, has always been very different.Variations in dialect, economy, and social structure differentiate the francophone populations of the Saguenay, the Eastern Townships, and the Ottawa Valley.At the same time, the worker in the snowmobile factory in Valcourt is separated by profound class differences from members of the Bombardier family, although they share a similar cultural heritage.Ethnic and cultural differences, the structure of capitalism, and the particularity of a metropolis have increasingly set Montreal apart from the other regions of the province.Social history, with its emphasis on long-term evolution in social and economic relations, and feminist history with its questioning of traditional political categories, have caused historians to reflect on periodization -the division of history into periods.Without denying the importance of political events such as the Conquest or Confederation, we have subordinated them to a socio-economic framework that E a s t e r n T o w n s h i p s Hudson Bay Ungava Bay
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.379 | 0.094 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".