Bibliographic record
Abstract
the following pages are a revised and extended version of lectures I have given in political studies' departments in England and Canada.The varied backgrounds and interests (notably in history, sociology, economics, and public administration, in addition to my own specialty in political theory) of those attending them, induced me to adopt an essentially interdisciplinary approach, with emphasis on the history of ideas.I was encouraged to proceed in this direction, when deciding to turn the lectures into a book, by Philip Cercone, editor of McGill-Queen's University Press Series on the History of Ideas, and fortunate in having the patient collaboration of his editorial staff throughout a number of major revisions.I am also indebted to my daughter Yvonne, who helpfully provided assistance with electronic communications and bibliographical data.Finally, I value the contributions of the Press's two (anonymous) readers.Aside from their generous comments and critically useful suggestions, I greatly appreciated their understanding of the complexity and the challenges that spanning disciplinary boundaries involves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.439 | 0.251 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".