Bibliographic record
Abstract
At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, Canada seemed at last to be a "success." Industrialization was accelerating, cities were growing, and the West was being settled by immigrants from many countries.Yet with the achievements came a questioning of the costs, impact, and ultimate meaning of these changes for Canadian society.The foundation of the new prosperity was the National Policy of high tariffs, massive immigration, settlement of the West, and industrial expansion for the central provinces.This was not an unmixed blessing for all Canadians, since it entailed a drastic alteration in the regional balance of the country, encouragement of industry at the expense of agriculture, and increased specialization and reliance on machines for those who remained on the soil.The changes held profound implications for cultural patterns based on the older and more rural social order.Indeed, it seemed that a well-integrated and stable way of life was crumbling.Andrew Macphail was the product of a region, the Maritimes, and a cultural heritage, that of the Scottish Highlands, which combined to make him acutely conscious of the social transformation underway.This study examines Macphail, his life, his world view, its roots, and the legacy of his life's work, but also attempts to convey the remarkable variety of fields to which he applied his energy.After receiving his early education in his native Prince Edward Island, he proceeded to McGill University where he graduated in both arts and medicine.In order to finance his studies, he developed into a prolific and highly skilled journalist, working for daily Montreal newspapers and at least one wire service.He became a practising physician and a professor in first the University of Bishop's College Faculty of Medicine and then McGill's Faculty of Medicine, where he spent thirty years as the first holder of its chair in the history of medicine.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.528 | 0.326 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".