Evaluating the Effects of Surfactant Templates on the Electrocatalytic Activity and Durability of Multifaceted Platinum Nanostructures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-surface-area multifaceted platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit promising electrocatalytic properties for various electrochemical reactions. Effective structural and morphological control is a key factor in attaining improved electrocatalytic activities. Herein, we use low concentrations of surfactants (≲ critical micelle concentration) as templates during Pt electrodeposition to produce multifaceted Pt NPs and evaluate their electrochemical active surface area ( A ecsa ) and activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The electrodeposition potentials for the nucleation and growth stages were optimized through an evaluation of the surface coverage and uniformity of the size of the electrodeposited particles. The electrodeposition was performed in the presence of a cationic (i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), anionic (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), or non-ionic [i.e., polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether, Brij 78] surfactant. The deposited Pt NPs have the mean diameter of 49 ± 11 nm for Brij 78, 54 ± 9 nm for CTAB, and 57 ± 14 nm for SDS, with faceted crystallites exposed on their surfaces as observed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The A ecsa of these Pt nanostructures increased when using surfactants as templates during electrodeposition; the A ecsa increased in the order of non-templated Pt (12.4 m 2 g –1 ) < Pt-CTAB (16.2 m 2 g –1 ) < Pt-SDS (17.1 m 2 g –1 ) < Pt-Brij 78 (20.4 m 2 g –1 ). The mass activities of Pt-CTAB, Pt-SDS, and Pt-Brij 78 toward the ORR were also calculated to be, respectively, ∼1.5, 1.6, and 2.0 times higher than that of non-templated Pt at 0.8 V (vs RHE). The Pt NPs electrodeposited in the presence of surfactants exhibited structural durability when subjected to a test of 5000 cycles of the applied potential in a square wave form between 0.6 and 0.95 V (vs RHE). This comparative study offers several insights into the design of surfactant-assisted electrodeposition techniques for creating multifaceted Pt with enhanced surface area and activity toward the ORR and electrocatalytic stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".