Geographic Variation in the Reproductive Phenology of a Widespread Amphibian
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geographic variation in reproductive phenology can reveal how life history is shaped by the environment. For amphibians, the timing of reproduction has downstream consequences on other life history traits such as larval period and size at metamorphosis. Two-lined Salamanders (Eurycea bislineata species complex) are widespread across the eastern United States and Canada and exhibit dramatic geographic variation in reproductive morphology, reproductive behavior, and larval life history, and thus make compelling models for studying these processes. Here, we compile courtship and nesting records from citizen science data, published literature, museum records, field notes, and social media to describe the geographic variation of reproductive phenology in the E. bislineata species complex. We demonstrate that the date of oviposition is negatively correlated with mean annual temperature and examine how this may interact with the timing of other seasonal behaviors such as migration and overwintering. Finally, we discuss how these geographic patterns may influence the evolution of reproductive tactics through differences in the spatial and temporal clustering of courtship opportunities in terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".