System Identification and Control Using Quadratic Neural Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes convex formulations of system identification and control for nonlinear systems using two layer quadratic neural networks. The results in the paper cast system identification, stability and control design as convex optimization problems, which can be solved efficiently with polynomial-time algorithms. The main advantage of using quadratic neural networks for system identification and control as opposed to other neural networks is the fact that they provide a smooth (quadratic) mapping between the input and the output of the network. This allows one to cast stability and control for quadratic neural network models as a Sum of Squares (SOS) optimization, which is a convex optimization program that can be efficiently solved. Additionally, these networks offer other advantages, such as the fact that the architecture is a by-product of the design and is not determined a-priori, and the training can be done by solving a convex optimization problem so that the global optimum of the weights is achieved. It also appears from the examples in this paper that quadratic networks work extremely well using only a small fraction of the training data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".