Tunable Wideband High-Order Active Analog Delays With High Delay-Bandwidth Product
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter describes analog delays based on wideband, high-order, tunable active all-pass filters (APFs) with poles and zeros prescribed by the Padé approximation. The number of inductors in the${n}$th-order APF does not exceed$\lfloor n/2\rfloor $for a compact area, low insertion loss, and wide bandwidth. Delay tuning is accomplished via two control lines. The proposed sixth-order APF, implemented in TSMC 65-nm CMOS, exhibits a delay range from 250 ps (BW10%= 0–8 GHz) to 400 ps (BW10%= 0–5 GHz) and achieves the state-of-the-art DBW10%= 2 for wideband APFs. Third- and fourth-order APFs were subsequently designed in GlobalFoundries 22-nm FDSOI CMOS for a 5G beamforming receiver operating from 24.3 to 28.7 GHz. The third- and fourth-order APFs exhibited 9–21 and 21–36 ps delay ranges, respectively, to generate beams from 0° to 35°.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".