Tunable Wideband High-Order Active Analog Delays With High Delay-Bandwidth Product
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter describes analog delays based on wideband, high-order, tunable active all-pass filters (APFs) with poles and zeros prescribed by the Padé approximation. The number of inductors in the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> th-order APF does not exceed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lfloor n/2\rfloor $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a compact area, low insertion loss, and wide bandwidth. Delay tuning is accomplished via two control lines. The proposed sixth-order APF, implemented in TSMC 65-nm CMOS, exhibits a delay range from 250 ps (BW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10%</sub> = 0–8 GHz) to 400 ps (BW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10%</sub> = 0–5 GHz) and achieves the state-of-the-art DBW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10%</sub> = 2 for wideband APFs. Third- and fourth-order APFs were subsequently designed in GlobalFoundries 22-nm FDSOI CMOS for a 5G beamforming receiver operating from 24.3 to 28.7 GHz. The third- and fourth-order APFs exhibited 9–21 and 21–36 ps delay ranges, respectively, to generate beams from 0° to 35°.
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Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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