Legal Regulation of State Electronic Services: Relevant Issues and Ways of Improvement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emergence of new platforms to promote concepts such as e-government and open data, which are currently being actively implemented in many countries around the world, and, more importantly, the need to promote civic participation and engagement in this regard, which are perhaps two key components for the successful implementation of any modern e-government project, provide both new opportunities and challenges for policy makers in implementing this idea in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is actively trying to technologically reform the public sector. The result of the policy of implementing the e-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan was the creation of a single e-government portal with unified databases and unified electronic services for the entire country, which were integrated into a single area of the concept in both the political and technological meaning. At present, public services are provided by personal contact through the offices of the Public Service Centre and online through the e-government portal, whose projects include dozens of different information systems, registers, and state databases, and hundreds of applications and services. In modern realities in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to conduct a survey to measure the effectiveness of public services, similar to Citizens First in Canada, in order to determine the quality and comparison in the survey, a Common Measurement Tool can be used. As a result of the study, it was also concluded that the following aspects of legal regulation need to be improved in the Republic of Kazakhstan: the establishment of a body for monitoring and protecting information data, as well as the consideration of complaints regarding the violations of the right to protect information data; the need to consolidate national legislation in the field of e-government into a single legal act; the establishment of an interdepartmental state body in the field of e-government.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.094 | 0.133 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.049 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.042 | 0.059 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.022 | 0.021 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".