Improving Organic Photovoltaic Efficiency via Heterophase Homojunction Copper Indium Sulfide Nanocrystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eco‐friendly heterophase homojunction copper indium sulfide quantum dots (HH‐CIS QDs) terminated by short hydroxyl ligands are integrated into nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) for the first time. Experimental results exhibit that this novel nanostructure can improve sunlight absorption and charge transfer ability, harvesting more photons and converting them to charge carriers. Additionally, the formation of hydrogen bonds between 2‐mercaptoethanol‐capped HH‐CIS QDs and the interface modification layer is beneficial for better interfacial contact, which promotes work function modification, reduces surface roughness, and increases interfacial charge transfer. Benefiting from HH‐CIS QDs incorporation, nonfullerene OSCs involving two different types of photoactive layers and three different types of electron transport layers all demonstrate improved photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). With QDs concentration optimization, nonfullerene OSCs with the PM6:ITIC‐4F and PM6:Y6 absorbers exhibit excellent PCEs of 14.04% and 16.26%, respectively. As compared to those reported previously, HH‐CIS QDs into the interface between the electron charge layer and photoactive layer lead to significant performance improvement, with both achieve PCEs and enhancement factors among the highest ones reported for various QD‐integrated OSCs. The results strongly suggest that the rational design of QDs and their optimal integration are critical for performance enhancement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".