Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, a number of light rail systems have been built or extended in North America. Typical design lives of metallic and concrete transit structures are required to exceed 75 y, with exposure to de-icing salts, freeze/thaw, and the potential for stray currents. Measures to mitigate the risks of reinforcement corrosion to rail structures have progressed over the last century, with some diversion between the preferred practices in Europe and North America. One significant difference with large cost impacts on projects is the means and methods to achieve continuity of the reinforcing steel within rail structures to control stray currents to negligible levels. Herein we review the available standards and literature as it relates to the risks of stray current corrosion of reinforcing steel, specifically with respect to the requirement for welding reinforcing. Field measurements of steel resistivity taken during the construction of rail structures are presented to clarify the as-built condition. Taking into account the effect of stray currents on the chloride threshold for corrosion initiation, methods are recommended to achieve durability requirements for the least lifecycle cost to asset owners.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".