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Record W4380631704 · doi:10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.211

Environmental Damage Due to Hazardous and Toxic Pollution: A Case Study of Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia

2022· article· en· W4380631704 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Bambang Slamet Riyadi, Syukra Alhamda, Sutrysno Airlambang, Ratih Anggreiny, Ariff Trisetia Anggara, Sudaryat

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Criminology and Sociology · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicWildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHazardous wasteChristian ministryEnvironmental healthWatershedEnvironmental pollutionEnvironmental scienceEnvironmental protectionEnvironmental planningMedicineWaste managementEngineeringPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Until now, environmental crimes in the Citarum watershed, especially the disposal of hazardous and toxic waste (HTW) still occurs. Consequently, there are a countless number of disasters that are happening in a day. However, where is the social control of bureaucrats of the State Ministry for the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia? This research approach method was the qualitative method. The research results showed that the perpetrators of environmental damage to the Citarum watershed were not aware that the impact of environmental damage was more violent than other crimes. It was because this type of crime sometimes had unexpected impacts related to the intensity, duration, and extent of the area affected. Therefore, the efforts to prevent environmental crimes against the Citarum river water should cover various aspects. These include very strict supervision in terms of check and balance of the independent state institutions as well as the discretion given to the authorities in the disposal of hazardous and toxic waste into the Citarum River.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.287
Teacher spread0.250 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations20
Published2022
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueInternational Journal of Criminology and SociologySame topicWildlife Conservation and Criminology AnalysesFrench-language works237,207