Tilt testing evolves: faster and still accurate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evolution of the tilt test protocol for reflex syncope and autonomic dysfunction 1986–2023. The left side represents evolution of the tilt test protocol for reflex syncope leading to the ‘Fast Italian protocol’, and years when changes were introduced. Tilt angles have progressively increased, with 70° now being the norm. Tilt durations have progressively shortened in the passive phase, with less change in the active (drug challenge) phase, which may be at the minimum for the drug to produce its effect and for the effect to initiate reflex syncope. The figure shows centrally a tilt test being conducted. It will be noted that the intravascular blood volume shifts into the legs with upright posture. The right side summarizes applications of the tilt test for detection of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction with tilt duration proposed by autonomic societies. GTN = nitroglycerin; POTS = postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; OH = orthostatic hypotension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.014 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".