DEPENDENCE OF CARDIOTROPHIN-1 ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HORMONAL FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH COMORBID PATHOLOGY: ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 AND OBESITY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence of arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM), and obesity is constantly increasing worldwide. Today, a complex of factors, which primarily include chronic emotional stress, pandemics of infectious diseases, military conflicts, have led to a significant increase in chronic non-communicable diseases. The aim of the study. To determine the dependence of Cardiotrophin-1 on a number of biochemical and hormonal indicators in patients with arterial hypertension, type 2 DM, and obesity, representatives of the Ukrainian population. Materials and methods. The study included 211 patients aged 49 to 65 years, who were divided into groups depending on the pathology: patients with arterial hypertension – 49 persons, Group I; patients with arterial hypertension in combination with class 1 obesity – 54 persons, Group 2; patients with arterial hypertension in combination with type 2 DM – 57 persons, Group 3; patients with arterial hypertension, type 2 DM, class 1 obesity – 51 persons, Group 4; as well as 20 persons – the Control group. Determination of the content of Cardiotrophin-1, catestatin, leptin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 25-OH of common vitamin D (Vitamin D3), blood levels was carried out by enzyme immunoassay on Labline-90 analyzer (Austria), using commercial test systems manufactured by FineTest (ELISA, China), BT LAB (ELISA, China), DBC (ELISA, China), Elabscience (ELISA, Canada), Monobind Inc. (ELISA, USA). Statistical data analysis was performed, using the statistical software package Statistica, 12 (Stat Soft Inc, USA), Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Data are shown as mean (M) and standard deviations (δ). An error of less than 5% was considered to be significant (p<0.05). Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the extent of exposure of the studied indicators to the CTF-1 level, with its effectiveness assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Thus, the study indicates that comorbid patients with arterial hypertension, type 2 DM, and obesity are predicted to develop complications from the cardiovascular system and Cardiotrophin-1 is a marker of their development. In the examined patients as a whole, the level of Cardiotrophin-1 is closely related to the peptide-hormonal complex: catestatin, leptin, cystatin C, brain natriuretic peptide, and lipocalin associated with neutrophil gelatinase. Conclusions: The serum concentration of Cardiotrophin-1 in patients with arterial hypertension increases significantly in a progression with the rate of accession of comorbid pathology and its severity. The Cardiotrophin-1 level in patients with comorbid pathology is affected by catestatin, leptin, cystatin C, NT-pro BNP, as well as the level of triglycerides, HDL-C, creatinine, and BMI. Cardiotrophin-1 can be considered as a universal biomarker for the development and progression of cardiovascular disorders in patients with comorbid pathology of arterial hypertension, type 2 DM, and obesity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".