Decision-making for substitutable products in a retailer dominant channel involving a third-party logistics provider
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates pricing and ordering decisions in a supply chain comprised of two competing manufacturers, a dominant retailer, and a third-party logistics (3PL) provider. Product distribution functions may be implemented by the 3PL provider and the two competing manufacturers. The advantages of logistics outsourcing lie in the lower cost and the professional logistics service, which affect the decision-making of the supply chain members. This paper adopts a novel approach to logistics outsourcing, in which it is regarded as an endogenous variable when supply chain members make decisions. We obtain the equilibrium decisions of supply chain members with the aid of a Stackelberg game. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of various parameters, such as market size, price sensitivity, product differentiation, and production costs on equilibrium decisions, thereby gaining valuable managerial insights. Finally, we present numerical analyses with respect to the above parameters in order to examine our theoretical results and to study their effects on channel performance.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it