Self-Healing of Tensile and Shrinkage Cracks in Engineered Cementitious Composite Liquid Containing Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>In this research, the self-healing of shrinkage and direct tension cracks in engineered cementitious composites (ECC) panels was investigated. The water leakage and self-healing of ECC elements subjected to direct tension cracking were studied under the coupled effect of sustained loading and pressurized water. The experimental program included normal concrete (NC) and ECC panels with different supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), comprising fly ash Class-F, fly ash Class-C and granulated blast furnace slag. A test setup was designed to simulate the leakage in liquid containing structures (LCS). Each panel was subjected to direct tensile loading to induce full depth cracks, and then the leakage test was carried out under sustained load and different water pressures. To consider the effect of ECC composition on the self-healing of panels exposed to loading and pressurized water, the leakage rate was continuously studied until complete sealing. Additionally, a detailed microstructural analysis was completed on full depth drilled cores, in which the samples were taken from three layers of the healed cracks in order to investigate the influence of pressurized water on the self-healing products. The results of this study highlight the advantages of using ECC in LCS and confirm a considerable effect of water pressure and SCM type on the self-healing capability of ECC. In the second phase of this research, the cracking behavior of ECC under shrinkage and temperature strains was investigated. A test setup was designed to restrain the panels against the deformation. The experimental program considered the cracking and self-healing behavior of ECC and NC panels representing a segment of LCS in the field. These panels were monitored for seven months under various environmental conditions. Following the casting, the drying shrinkage strains, hydration and ambient temperature variation, as well as cracking profiles were monitored. Also, the self-healing capability of ECC cracks was investigated under randomly natural climate exposure. The results showed that, ECC prepared with slag and fly ash-F developed higher shrinkage, causing earlier cracking generation than NC. However, in contrast to NC in which the crack widths continue to develop over time, ECCs have the potential to self-heal under harsh field conditions.</p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".