Bibliographic record
Abstract
The right to access justice Access to justice is a fundamental human right. Whilst there is no single definition, accessible justice typically refers to fair and widely understood laws, access to adequate legal supports and services, impartial and equitable justice system procedures and the right to recourse where these things are not experienced. A broader contemporary definition acknowledges ‘extralegal’ factors, such as inequalities in health, housing and employment, which create and perpetaute barriers to justice. The notion of accessible justice posits that individuals interacting with the justice system should be treated fairly and equally, regardless of class, ethnicity, indigeneity, age, gender, sexuality and ability. Accessing justice therefore demands an inclusive system which enables active participation (see Canadian Forum on Civil Justice, 2015). The justice system, and associated services, should be accessible in terms of cost, language, distance and physical space, so as not to exclude or obstruct individuals from pursuing justice. It is important to acknowledge the significance of access to informal customary justice, particularly for Indigenous persons. Access to justice is central to the ‘rule of law’ – a core ideological principle of modern Western democracies – though this does not necessarily guarantee access. Contrastingly, in developing countries, particularly post-conflict authoritarian regimes, access to justice is relatively deficient and may not be an aspiration of the state. Global disparities in the prioritization of access to justice highlight the impact of place – a central consideration in rural criminology. Rural barriers to accessing justice The bearings of rurality on access to justice are vast, affecting a range of parties – the accused, offender and victim – in different ways. Persons who are already marginalized are more likely to experience barriers to accessing justice, including ethnic minority and Indigenous peoples, women, people with disabilities and those experiencing mental illness, poverty and homelessness. Rurality adds another dimension to the inaccessibility of justice for these individuals. Though not monolithic, rural communities tend to experience food and housing insecurity, intergenerational poverty, transportation and communication barriers and low education levels (refer to Pruitt et al, 2018). These disadvantages, which themselves are unjust, create barriers to accessing justice from which further injustices can stem (see Statz, 2021).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.216 | 0.049 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".