Using Stable Water Isotopes to Evaluate the Changing Contribution of Water Age in Three Southern Ontario Agricultural Streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Annual and event scale water age contributions were analyzed using δ18O for three agricultural sub-catchments in southern Ontario: Nissouri Creek catchment (loamy soils, high tile drainage), North Creek catchment (heavy clay soils, low tile drainage) and Big Creek catchment (loamy clay soils, high tile drainage). The local meteoric water line was δ2H = 6.94 δ18O + 2.51 (r2=0.97, n=158, p-value<0.0001). The annual young water contribution was determined for Nissouri (0.3108), North (0.9895) and Big (0.4907). Under a two-component mixing model, hydrograph separations determined the mean total event contribution of old water for Nissouri (57%), North (41%) and Big (55%). This indicates that the catchment with the lowest presence of tile drainage had the highest contribution of young water, but also that soil type may have a stronger control on dominant flow pathways than tile drainage presence alone. Antecedent moisture had no significant correlation to event water age contributions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".