Oxytetracycline resistance of <i>Melissococcus plutonius</i> strains in Japan
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
European foulbrood caused by the Gram-positive lanceolate coccus, Melissococcus plutonius, is a major bacterial infection of honey bee brood. Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been used to combat this disease in some countries. Although OTC resistance was not previously reported despite its long-term use, the first case was finally detected in an M. plutonius strain isolated in Canada in 2019. In Japan, OTC has not been approved for use in the control of any honey bee diseases. However, after testing 77 M. plutonius strains isolated in Japan between the 1980s and 2010s, we identified four OTC-resistant strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration of OTC on agar medium of 16 µg/ml. The four strains were isolated in 2008 (1 strain), 2013 (1 strain), and 2015 (2 strains); i.e., before the Canadian OTC-resistant isolate. These results provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of OTC-resistant M. plutonius.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it