Synthesis of New Hydrogels Involving Acrylic Acid and Acrylamide Grafted Agar-Agar and Their Application in the Removal of Cationic Dyes from Wastewater
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyacrylic Acid grafted Agar-agar (AAc-graf-Agar), and polyacrylamide grafted Agar-Agar (AAm-graf-Agar) have been synthesised by free radical polymerisation route initiated by ammonium peroxodisulphate (APS), the grafted polymers were characterised by FTIR, TGA and SEM methods. The swelling properties were studied in deionised water and saline solution at room temperature. The prepared hydrogels were examined by removing cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from the aqueous solution, in which the adsorption kinetics and isotherms models were also investigated. It was found that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir equations are the most suitable for the different sorption processes. The maximum dye adsorption capacity was 1035.96 mg∙g−1 for AAc-graf-Agar in pH medium 12 and 1015.7 mg∙g−1 for AAm-graf-Agar in neutral pH medium. This indicates that the AAc-graf-Agar hydrogel could be an excellent adsorbent for removing MB from aqueous solutions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it