Indirect Dark-Matter Searches in VHE Gamma Rays with Legacy VERITAS Dwarf Spheroidal Observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the current cosmological theory, the existence and contribution of dark matter (DM) is inevitable. The weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP), expected mass in the range of tens of GeV to tens of TeV, is a DM candidate which can annihilate and/or decay into secondary particles, sequentially producing very-high-energy gamma rays (VHE; above 100 GeV). The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS; sensitive to 100 GeV to 30 TeV gamma rays) is a ground-based VHE telescope array and can look for or detect gamma-ray signatures resulting from the annihilation of WIMPs. Since dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are DM-rich regions, they are one of the best targets for studying indirect DM annihilation signatures. Compared to the previous DM search in dSphs, we significantly extend the observational dataset and improve our method of constraining the WIMP annihilation cross section by considering the dSph angular extension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".