Heat Transfer Analysis of a Crossflow Minichannel Heat Exchanger Based on Air and Liquid Flow Implementing PCM as Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to mismatches between energy supply and demand in thermal systems, this paper introduces an innovative phase change material (PCM) heat exchanger based on two working fluids to provide thermal energy storage for the airside.The PCM is integrated into a compact single-slabbed crossflow heat exchanger based on air and liquid flow.A numerical heat transfer and fluid flow analysis is conducted based on a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the model.The dynamic thermal performance of the system is demonstrated for both the PCM charging and discharging processes.Due to the results attained, the PCM can store excess heat in the charging process, which is then released to the airside during periods of demand when the system hot working fluid is unavailable.In the discharge process, the stored thermal energy provides the airside with a heating load of 118 kJ and up to 150 seconds of heating time.The findings attained in this study will shed light on the development of PCM heat exchangers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".