Proceedings of the International Workshop “Tourism and Hospitality Management” (IWTHM2023)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Residents are an important stakeholder in tourism destinations. In this sense, this study aimed to identify in the cross-border zone towards tourism. A questionnaire was applied between April and May 2023 to residents older than 18 years that were randomly approached in shops, parks, restaurants, streets, and residences. A total of 470 valid questionnaires were considered for descriptive analysis of the impacts' means and standard deviation. Residents tend to perceive positively tourism in cross-border areas. The impacts that presented the highest mean were the economics, followed by the sociocultural and in the last, the environmental impacts. One of the stuady's limitations is the sample number difference between the residents of Portugal and Spain, which makes some comparative aspects between the two populations difficult. This is the first study about residents perceptions in the cross-border area of Portugal (Terras de Trás-os-Montes) and Spain (Castilla y León), characterizing the study's originality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.073 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".