Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is desired in the production of sprays to find the ways to control the size and distribution of liquid droplets.It is also of interest to provide means for directing the spray towards the target of interest.Both these goals can be addressed using electric fields, e.g.electrostatic spraying/painting.The proper design and efficiency of these techniques rely on the understanding of the fundamental aspects of droplet dynamics when exposed to external electric fields, and especially on the understanding of the processes associated with droplet break up.This study is focused on the dynamics of liquid droplets driven by induced polarization effect and involves both experiments and theory.During experiments droplets were isolated from all other effects using microgravity environment.The evolution of droplets was captured using a high-speed movie camera.Theoretical analysis, which involved numerical simulation of the deforming droplet, was able to reproduce various stages of the deformation process in time up to the formation of Taylor cones.The droplet evolution process can be divided into rapid distortion followed by a combination of capillary instability and formation of Taylor cones and mass removal from the zone of the cones.Rapid distortion theory was proposed to described droplet evolution in the Taylor-cone regime.Good agreement between the experiment and theoretical modeling has been observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".