Dynamics of a Rotating Core-Annular Flow at Inertial Fluid Oscillations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dynamics of a centrifuged system of two immiscible liquids in a rotating cylinder is studied experimentally.In experiments, the liquids fill a horizontal cylindrical container with transparent walls that rotates about its axis.The study is carried out in the case of fast rotation when under the action of the centrifugal force the light liquid forms an axi-symmetric column on the container axis (core), while the heavy liquid is distributed along the cylindrical wall (annulus).The gravity makes the core shift radially by a small distance, which is practically invariant along the axis.This effect excites the tangential oscillations of the interface leading to the generation of azimuthal steady flows in the rotating frame of reference and to the differential rotation of the interface.The profile of azimuthal velocity has a "discontiunity", which appears on the limits of a viscous boundary layer formed at the interface.The maximum velocity is observed in the outer liquid near the interface.The analysis of the velocity profiles reveals that the liquid-liquid interface is the essential generator of the azimuthal flow in the annulus, while the Ekman pumping appears to affect the flow velocity inside the core.The results of the study may be helpful for the determination of the distribution of inclusions or species on the rotating interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".