Ionic Liquid–Graphene Interface: Effect of Anions on the Fermi Level
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since energy conversion and storage processes take place at the electrolyte–electrode interface, it is important to develop experimental and theoretical procedures to understand the interfacial nanostructure in graphene-based electrochemical storage devices where ionic liquids (ILs) are used as electrolytes. In this contribution, the impact of the anions of imidazolium-based ILs on the IL–graphene interface as well as on the electronic structure of graphene is investigated. Raman spectroscopy unveils that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs having smaller anions induce n-type doping, while ILs with larger anions have a negligible effect on the doping. Molecular modeling simulations reveal that changes in the electrostatic potential at the IL–graphene interface are responsible for the n-type doping.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".