Endocrine Disrupting Potential Of The Sub-Lethal Concentrations Of Primextra Herbicide On The Hormonal And Heamatological Profile Of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Sub-Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The application of primextra on farmlands to curb weed growth contaminates water bodies, thereby resultingin endocrine disruptions in aquatic organisms. The sub-adults (n = 200) of Clarias gariepinus were exposedto 0.00 (control), 0.07, 0.14, 0.21, and 0.28 mg/L of primextra, and the hormonal and haematologicalalterations were observed over a period of 28 days. The alterations in the hormonal and haematological profileof the exposed fish was concentration dependent. The thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and estradiol(hormonal parameters) reduced significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control with increase in theconcentration of the toxicant after four weeks of exposure. The T4, T3, and estradiol concentration decreasedwith increase in the exposure duration for the 0.07, 0.14, 0.21 and 0.28 mg/L group. The haemoglobin (Hgb),pack cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV),and mean corpuscular heamoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased significantly (p<0.05), while the meancorpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly (p<0.05) from the control with increase in theconcentration of the toxicant after four weeks of exposure. The Hgb, PCV, RBC, WBC, and MCV decreased,while MCH and MCHC in the fish increased with increase in the exposure duration for the 0.07, 0.14, 0.21and 0.28 mg/L group. With the observed alterations in the hormonal and haematological parameters in the fishexposed to primextra, indiscriminate use of chemicals on farms is highly discouraged, in order to maintain ahealthy terrestrial and aquatic eco-system, including our fishery resources and man.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".