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Record W4381956713 · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000137

Patterns of Cannabis Use Before and After Legalization in Canada

2022· article· en· W4381956713 on OpenAlex
Tiffany Pham, Jeanne V.A. Williams, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Aysha Lukmanji, Ashley K. Dores, Leah J. Isherwood, Kathryn Wiens, Sara Zulyniak, Scott B. Patten

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Addiction · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Canadian institutionsPublic Health OntarioUniversity of TorontoHotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCannabisLegalizationDemographyConfidence intervalOdds ratioMedicineEffects of cannabisPopulationOddsCannabis DependenceEnvironmental healthPsychiatryLogistic regressionInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Objectives: With the legalization of nonmedicinal cannabis in 2018, it is important to understand how cannabis use has changed postlegalization. Legalization of cannabis also allows a further understanding of associations between cannabis use and sex, age, smoking, and vaping. Since cannabis is provincially regulated, provincial comparisons may help to understand the implications of various policy options. Methods: Data from the 2017 Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs Survey provided a prelegalization baseline for prevalence of cannabis use (n = 16,349). The 2019 Canadian Tobacco and Nicotine Survey was used as a postlegalization comparison (n = 8,614). The cannabis items had different wording, necessitating an approximation for the past 30-day prevalence in 2017. Variables of interest included sex, age, province, cigarette smoking status, and vaping. Results: The past 30-day prevalence of cannabis use increased from approximately 9% in 2017 to nearly 11% (95% confidence intervals: 10.1, 11.7) in 2019. However, due to the approximation of the 2017 frequency, it was not possible to confirm that this increase was statistically significant. Expected associations between cannabis use and sex, age, smoking, and vaping were found in both 2017 and 2019. Provinces that allow personal cultivation of cannabis had a higher frequency of use in 2019, odds ratio = 1.58 (95% confidence intervals: 1.27, 1.95). No differences in use were seen in provinces adopting different sales models. Conclusions: The prevalence of cannabis use in the Canadian population has increased from 2017 to 2019 by approximately 2% in absolute terms. Few differences were seen between provinces in 2019, despite differing regulatory approaches. Objectifs: Avec la légalisation du cannabis non médicinal en 2018, il est important de comprendre comment la consommation de cannabis a changé après la légalisation. La légalisation du cannabis permet également de mieux comprendre les rapports entre la consommation de cannabis et le sexe, l’âge, le tabagisme et le vapotage. Étant donné que le cannabis est réglementé par les provinces, les comparaisons provinciales peuvent aider à comprendre les implications de diverses options stratégiques. Méthodes: Les données de l’Enquête canadienne sur le tabac, l’alcool et les drogues (ECTAD) de 2017 ont fourni une base de référence avant la légalisation de la consommation de cannabis (N = 16 349). L’Enquête canadienne sur le tabac et la nicotine (ECTN) de 2019 a été utilisée comme outil de post-légalisation en comparaison (N = 8 614). Les questions portant sur le cannabis avaient une formulation différente, nécessitant une approximation de la prévalence au cours des 30 derniers jours en 2017. Les variables d’intérêt comprenaient le sexe, l’âge, les particularités de chaque province, le tabagisme et le vapotage. Résultats: La prévalence de la consommation de cannabis au cours des 30 derniers jours indiquait une hausse d’environ 9% en 2017 à près de 11% (IC à 95%: 10.1, 11.7) en 2019. Cependant, en raison de l’approximation de la fréquence de la consommation du cannabis en 2017, il a été impossible de confirmer statistiquement l’importance de cette augmentation. Des associations probables entre la consommation de cannabis et le sexe, l’âge, le tabagisme et le vapotage ont été trouvées dans ces statistiques de 2017 et 2019. Les provinces qui autorisent la culture personnelle du cannabis avaient une fréquence de consommation plus élevée en 2019, odds ratio = 1,58 (IC à 95%: 1.27, 1.95). Par contre, aucune différence d’utilisation n’a été observée dans les provinces adoptant des modèles de vente différents. Conclusions: La hausse de la consommation de cannabis dans la population canadienne a augmenté de 2017 à 2019 d’environ 2% en termes absolus. Peu de différences ont été observées entre les provinces en 2019, malgré des approches réglementaires différentes.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.017
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.225
Teacher spread0.215 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it