Comparison of Mechano- and PhotoATRP with ZnO Nanocrystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) was previously reported as an excellent cocatalyst for mechanically controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (mechanoATRP), but its photocatalytic properties in photoinduced ATRP (photoATRP) have been much less explored. Herein, well-defined ZnO nanocrystals were prepared via microwave-assisted synthesis and applied as a heterogeneous cocatalyst in mechano- and photoATRP. Both techniques yielded polymers with outstanding control over the molecular weight, but ZnO-cocatalyzed photoATRP was much faster than analogous mechanoATRP (conversion of 91% in 1 h vs 54% in 5 h). The kinetics of photoATRP was tuned by loadings of ZnO nanocrystals. PhotoATRP with ZnO did not require any excess of ligand versus Cu, in contrast to mechanoATRP, requiring an excess of ligand, acting as a reducing agent. ZnO-cocatalyzed photoATRP proceeded controllably without prior deoxygenation, since ZnO was involved in a cascade of reactions, leading to the rapid elimination of oxygen. The versatility and robustness of the technique were demonstrated for various (meth)acrylate monomers with good temporal control and preservation of end-group functionality, illustrated by the formation of tailored block copolymers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".