Electrochemical Functionalization as a Promising Avenue for Glucose Oxidase Immobilization at Carbon Nanotubes: Enhanced Direct Electron Transfer Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work demonstrates an approach for building bioelectrocatalytic interfaces by electrochemically functionalizing carbon nanotubes surface to create a conductive matrix for immobilization of enzymes. Such a strategy not only is simple but presents an opportunity to intimately interface an enzyme and manifests direct electron transfer features. Electrochemically functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTEF)-glucose oxidase (GOx) electrodes are evaluated electrochemically and characterized by means of FESEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The immobilization of GOx on the CNTs surface was confirmed with XPS analysis. Square wave voltammetry of the CNTEF-GOx in argon saturated PBS solution (pH 7.2) displayed a net current peak at a potential close to that of the FAD/FADH2 cofactor of immobilized GOx. In the presence of glucose, the immobilized GOx demonstrated its ability to simultaneously undergo DET with the electrode and retains biocatalytic activity up to 10 mM of glucose concentration. The proposed electrochemical functionalization method could be without doubt extended to immobilize and evaluate the direct electron transfer of other redox enzymes or proteins on carbon nanostructures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".