A Wide Bandwidth, Low Power, Linear Quantized-Analog VGA in 28 nm CMOS Technology and 1.2V Supply
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents wide-band/wide range Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) based on the Quantized-Analog (QA) processing. The VGA is formed by an array of sub-units that amplify different portions of the input signal. The gain variation is obtained by acting on the signal correlation among adjacent slices that are eventually recombined on an output load. The VGA has been characterized, by inserting the VGA inside an optical RF front-end which includes a TIA stage and output buffer. Designed and layouted in 28nm CMOS, the VGA shows a gain variation of about 22 dB obtained in one stage, and a -3dB bandwidth of 29 GHz. At maximum gain, the average equivalent input-referred current noise is equal to 10.3 pA/$\sqrt{Hz}$ while the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is below 2.3% for a maximum output swing of 500-mV peak-to-peak differential. The VGA consumes 64 mW while the complete front-end 124 mW from a 1.2V voltage supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".