Experimental Investigation of Thermo-Fluid Characteristics in Air Flow Through Corrugated Tubes with Various Configurations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Engineering and industrial applications, such as heat exchangers, cooling systems, and solar collectors, require designs that optimize heat transfer rates and enhance thermal performance.Corrugated tubes present a viable solution for these applications.In this study, an experimental simulation method was employed to examine the thermo-fluid characteristics of air flow through a one-start horizontally spiraled corrugated tube under turbulent forced convection.A parametric investigation was carried out for various configurations of spirally corrugated tubes subjected to uniform heat flux.Three distinct types of spirally corrugated tubes were investigated: Continuous corrugated tubes with 6mm pitch, continuous corrugated tubes with 18mm pitch, and interrupted corrugated tubes with 6mm pitch.Additionally, a smooth tube was examined for comparison.All tubes were fabricated from copper, and the corrugations were created through cold forming.The effects of air velocity and wall heat flux on flow and heat transfer rates were analyzed, with five air velocities (ranging from 2.5 to 4.5m/s) and six surface heat fluxes (ranging from 5,000 to 10,000W/m 2 ) considered.Results revealed that the average Nusselt number for the interrupted corrugated tube was 72.5% higher than the smooth tube, 63.5% higher than the corrugated tube with an 18mm pitch, and 12.5% greater than the corrugated tube with a 6mm pitch.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".