Role of pH in the Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO <sub>2</sub> Nanorod Photocatalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report the influence of pH on the hydrothermal growth of TiO 2 nanostructures, observing variations in photocatalytic activity. Using comprehensive characterization techniques, we find that nanorod growth significantly depends on the synthesis conditions and that TiO 2 mainly crystallizes in the rutile phase. A red shift in the absorption edge towards the visible region was observed by changing the initial HCl : H 2 O molar ratio, resulting in a tangible shift in the energy band gap from 3.54 eV to 2.95 eV. The highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue in aqueous solution under UV irradiation was achieved with an initial HCl : H 2 O molar ratio of 1 : 1 (86.5 % after 210 min). In parallel to the experimental results, the crystal structure, optical and electronic structure of the rutile TiO 2 system and subsequently their influence on the photocatalytic activity were modeled using density functional theory calculations. The photocatalytic enhancement is attributed to higher density of states and expanded energy bands around the Fermi level, leading to a prolonged lifetime of photoinduced charge carriers and the higher charge transfer which is also measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our results are promising towards the judicious design and synthesis of TiO 2 ‐based photocatalysts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".