Investigating chemoreception and behavioural responses of Tetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) to organic acids, aldehydes and essential oil components
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a globally distributed polyphagous agricultural pest that is resistant to a variety of synthetic chemical pesticides. Plant essential oils have been recognized as a novel natural source of pest control that have a reduced impact to the environment and human health relative to synthetic pesticides, and which may provide a viable alternative for managing this pest. The present study focuses on assessing the potential of mite semiochemicals and essential oil constitutes as repellents and miticides. We developed an innovative electrophysiological approach (electrotarsography) to record olfactory sensitivity of T. urticae. Additionally, a novel two-choice behavioural assay was designed to determine whether T. urticae is attracted or repelled by selected compounds. Using Gas Chromatography-linked Electrotarsal detection (GC-ETD), we determined that T. urticae can sense many terpenoids commonly found in plant essential oils, such as eucalyptol, thymol, and linalool. In addition, T. urticae responded to carboxylic acids and aldehydes, which are known to be detected by ionotropic receptors. In two-choice behavioural assays, T. urticae was repelled by various essential oil active ingredients, as well as carboxylic acids and aldehydes. The study provides much needed insight to identify behaviourally relevant chemical cues for the development of mite control strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".