Origin of gases and waters from a hypersaline, carbonate spring on Anticosti Island, Québec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypersaline spring water (TDS ∼ 85 g/L) and gas are escaping from the top of a calcite travertine mound on Anticosti Island. This mound is located in the Chaloupe River area above the Jupiter Fault which cuts through the Ordovician formations in the subsurface, including the oil and gas-rich Macasty Shale Formation. The Cl content is approximately 3 times that of seawater, but the geochemical profile indicates it to be a Paleozoic basin brine (geogenic He = 2E–7 cc/cc) evaporatively enriched beyond halite saturation (Br:Cl molar ratio = 0.0022 ± 0.00013) that has been diluted by some 73 ± 6% with meteoric waters. Measurable tritium (3.4 TU) indicates this to be a mixture of modern and Holocene recharge. The radioiodine (129I < 10 million atoms/L) is a three-component mixture of geogenic and post-nuclear contributions with low levels in pre-nuclear Holocene recharge. Degassing at the vent (1% to 2% CO2, PCO2 = 0.02 atm, >90% CH4) provokes calcite precipitation and travertine mound formation. Methane comprises a thermo-catalytic component and a biogenic component produced at depth in the organic-rich Macasty Formation by reduction of surface-derived dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; a14C = 3.5 pMC), producing enriched δ13CDIC values recorded in the travertine. The occurrence of basin-derived brine and gas discharging in association with the surface expression of the Jupiter fault implies that this fault provides a pathway for deep circulation of meteoric waters, likely driven by the relief on the island.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".