Assessment of measurement-based care to improve outcomes in patients with allergic rhinitis in an open-label, prospective study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Despite available treatments for allergic rhinitis (AR), patients are often dissatisfied with their treatment and experience uncontrolled symptoms. Measurement-based care is the systematic use of standardized measurements used during office visits to inform treatment decisions. The Improving Symptom Control of Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR) study determined if the assessment and management of AR through measurement-based care could improve patient outcomes. Methods ICAR was a real-world, open-label, prospective, multicenter study conducted in Canada between September 2021 and December 2021. Enrolled adult patients (n=503) with AR were categorized as treatment-naïve, uncontrolled despite AR treatment, or requiring a treatment switch due to adverse effects. AR symptoms and symptom control were assessed by the patient using the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT) and, by both the patient and the clinician, on a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and after 4 weeks of 10 mg daily oral rupatadine. Results The majority of patients were uncontrolled (36%) or partially controlled (51%) at baseline, while 20% were treatment-naïve, 32% were uncontrolled despite treatment, and 30% needed treatment switch.At baseline, 66% of patients were taking non-sedating antihistamines, and 78% indicated they were dissatisfied with their treatment. The overall RCAT score improved by 66%, from an average standard deviation (SD) of 16 (5.2) at baseline to 24 (3.8) at follow-up (P<0.0001). Scores for all individual RCAT items significantly improved (P<0.0001), with a 65% improvement in congestion frequency, a 61% improvement in sneezing frequency, and a 68% improvement in symptom control. Overall RCAT scores significantly improved from baseline by 67% in treatment-naïve patients; 64% in patients uncontrolled despite treatment; 51% in patients needing treatment switch; 55% in patients with asthma; 62% in patients with urticaria; 54% in patients with eczema/atopic dermatitis; 40% in patients with nasal polyps; and 52% in patients with no comorbidities (P<0.0001). The patient VAS score improved from a mean SD of 6.5 (2.4) units at baseline to 2.6 (2.2) at follow-up; the clinician VAS score improved from 6.6 (2.2) units to 2.0 (2.2). Conclusion The ICAR study demonstrated that rupatadine, an antihistamine that also has anti-platelet-activating factor effects, significantly improves AR symptom control when used daily and monitored objectively by measurement-based care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.032 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".