The prevalence and predictors of feeding difficulties in children at self-feeding transition stage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim To understand the prevalence of feeding difficulties (FD) in young children at self-feeding transition stage (6–24 months age), and the protective and risk predictors associated with FD are to be determined through this study. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted within 5 representative Women's and Children's hospitals in Chengdu, Southwest China. Children age 6–24 months who underwent routine child health care examination at outpatient and their parents were enrolled, while the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale which is validated was used to determine whether these children have FD. Results A total of 1,211 subjects were enrolled in this survey, where 380 children were reported as FD with an prevalence of 31.4%. Adjusted binary logistic regression in the multivariate analysis showed 10 independent predictors of FD. Specifically there were 6 risk predictors: (1) frequent constipation ( OR = 1.603, CI = 1.006–2.555) in CHILD sub-theme; (2) anxiety ( OR = 4.322, CI = 3.074–6.079) and (3) indulgent parenting style ( OR = 2.108, CI = 1.306–3.405) in PARENT sub-theme; (4) luring to eat ( OR = 2.806, CI = 2.000–3.937), (5) forcing to eat ( OR = 2.040, CI = 1.407–2.958), and (6) allowing playing during mealtime ( OR = 2.023, CI = 1.435–2.853) in FEEDING PRACTICE sub-theme. The remaining 4 factors were protective predictors including (1) food preparing ( OR = 0.586, CI = 0.385–0.891) in FOOD sub-theme; (2) observing hunger and satiety signals ( OR = 0.667, CI = 0.457–0.974), (3) interacting with child during mealtime ( OR = 0.505, CI = 0.308–0.828), as well as (4) providing exclusive tableware ( OR = 0.370, CI = 0.191–0.719) in FEEDING PRACTICE sub-theme. Conclusions There appeared to be an increasing trend of FD prevalence. Child health care clinicians and pediatricians are expected to attach more importance to FD in their daily work, and are obliged to provide parents with practical and effective preventive strategies highlighted in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".