Bacteriophage Pf1 complex viscosity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that attack bacteria, causing them to multiply. This attack requires phage orientation with respect to the bacterial receptor, a necessary condition for attachment. Since phages are not motile, they rely on their Brownian motion and, specifically, its rotational components to reorient. We focus specifically on Pf1 (the bacteriophage called pseudomonas phage Pf1), the phage about which much has been written, though whose rotational diffusivity determined from rheological measurements is not known. We compare general rigid bead-rod theory with intramacromolecular hydrodynamic interactions with our new measurements of the complex viscosity of an aqueous Pf1 suspension to arrive at the relaxation time. From this time, we get the central transport property for the Pf1 reorientation, the dimensionless rotational diffusivity, of λ0Dr=2.37×10−6, which differs within one order of magnitude from the one from fluorescence microscopy. At low frequency, we find good agreement of our theoretical predictions with both parts of our new bacteriophage Pf1 complex viscosity measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".