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Record W4384169173 · doi:10.1515/9781399507448-002

Volume Preface

2023· book-chapter· en· W4384169173 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Kenneth A. Ross

Bibliographic record

VenueEdinburgh University Press eBooks · 2023
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAsian American and Pacific Histories
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsVolume (thermodynamics)PhysicsThermodynamics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The landscape of North America is beautiful, pristine and wonderful.The land has majestic mountains such as the Rocky Mountains and the Great Smoky Mountains, and freshwater lakes such as the Great Lakes of North America and Lake Tahoe.North America is surrounded by the world's two largest oceans, the Pacific and the Atlantic.The vast continent is covered by deserts, forests, prairies, meadows, forests, canyons and wilderness.It has countless small towns as well as highly populated metropolitan cities.The land was first inhabited by Native Americans and First Nations, who lived off the land and in harmony with creation.It is a magnificent land, composed of only five countries, Canada, the USA, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Greenland and Bermuda.Just as the land is diverse and bountiful, so are the people who live in these five countries.Though their history is short compared with countries in such contexts as Asia, South America, Africa and Europe, it has been filled by devastation, horror and suffering.With the European conquest of Native land, the terror began for many Native and First Nations peoples as genocide was committed against them.The large-scale enslavement and importation of Africans brought further injustice, horror and suffering.During this horrific history, Christianity had a large presence and was part of the very fabric that caused the genocide of Native Americans and the enslavement of Africans.Christian adoption of the Doctrine of Discovery and the perception of Africans as heathens made it theoretically justifiable to enslave them.In addition, Asians were viewed as heathens and foreigners, a perception which white Americans used to indenture them.Throughout this history of immigration, enslavement and conquest, Christianity was deeply implicated in colonialism, subjugation and domination.Due to increased immigration and the entrance of refugees during the last 70 years, North America is a very racially diverse place.This diversity means that various languages are spoken and different cultural customs are lived out.Many people who came from difficult situations found opportunities to build a new life in North America.Some refugees were able to start fresh lives and contribute to the wider society.Coming from many different backgrounds, they have formed an enterprising people who have built one of the world's strongest economies.North America has had the Civil Rights movement and recently the Black Lives Matter movement

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.516
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.230
Teacher spread0.200 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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