Time-lapse seismic analysis using ACROSS source and DAS at the Aquistore CO2 storage site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Herein we investigate the effectiveness of reservoir monitoring using a permanent seismic source (accurately controlled, routinely operated signal system: ACROSS) and permanent receivers (distributed acoustic sensing: DAS) at the Aquistore CO₂ storage site in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Baseline and monitoring vertical seismic profile (VSP) data using ACROSS source and DAS were acquired in December 2016, March 2018, April 2019 and January 2020. DAS recording data with a fiber optic cable are output in the strain rate domain in the direction of the cable due to the measurement principle. Although previous VSP processing was performed in the strain rate domain, we converted the strain rate data into particle velocity and performed unified processing including ACROSS signal processing, data matching, VSP data processing and time-lapse noise suppression for four data vintages to compare with the log-based synthetic and other seismic data in the same domain. In addition to the difference between migration cross sections, normalized root mean square (NRMS) amplitude difference was calculated to evaluate the time-lapse seismic responses relative to the December 2016 data. The anomalies are identified at the target level in the NRMS cross sections and may be a sign of seismic response changes associated with CO₂ injection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".