Differential Economic Inclusion: The Conversion of Symbolic Capital to Material Capital in Canada's Fractured Labour Market
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This study analyzes data from the 2020 General Social Survey to examine how the economic conversion value of formal and informal social capital differs for immigrants across gender identification and "visible minority" status relative to white native-born Canadians. Using a Bourdieusian theoretical framework, the study assesses the social structures and symbolic economy of the labour market as a social field. Results show that while white men are favoured in economic terms in the labour market, they generally hold less informal (operationalized as contact with friends and relatives) and formal (operationalized as civic engagement) social capital. The conversion value of both forms of social capital is mixed and differs by group, in some instances even showing negative economic returns for racialized immigrants. Our findings demonstrate a discrete race effect for immigrants as well as a gender effect, revealing that the dynamics of economic exclusion operate with precision in the Canadian labour market to make and organize groups. Furthermore, the fragmented nature of the labour market–specifically a sub-field of transnational labour–is evidenced through distinct symbolic economies for dominant and dominated positions. Résumé: Cette étude analyse les données de l'enquête sociale générale de 2020 afin d'examiner comment la valeur de conversion économique du capital social formel et informel diffère pour les immigrants selon leur sexe et leur statut de "minorité visible" par rapport aux Canadiens blancs nés au pays. À l'aide d'un cadre théorique bourdieusien, l'étude évalue les structures sociales et l'économie symbolique du marché du travail en tant que champ social. Les résultats montrent que si les hommes blancs sont favorisés en termes économiques sur le marché du travail, ils disposent généralement de moins de capital social informel (défini comme les contacts avec les amis et la famille) et formel (défini comme l'engagement civique). La valeur de ces deux formes de capital social est variable et diffère selon les groupes. Nos résultats démontrent un effet racial discret pour les immigrants ainsi qu'un effet de genre, révélant que la dynamique de l'exclusion économique et sociale opère avec précision sur le marché du travail canadien pour créer et organiser des groupes. En outre, la nature fragmentée du marché du travail en tant que champ social est mise en évidence par des économies symboliques distinctes pour les positions dominantes et dominées.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".