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Search for Extended Sources of Neutrino Emission in the Galactic Plane with IceCube
R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Vedant Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, Charlotte Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, F. Bontempo, Julia Book, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Braun, B. Brinson, J. Brostean-Kaiser, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, Delaney Butterfield, Michael Campana, K. Carloni, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Sharmistha Chattopadhyay, Thien Nhan Chau, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, Brian Clark, L. Classen, Alan Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado, S. Deng, Kunal Deoskar, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, Alejandro Diaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Alba Domi, H. Dujmovic, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, Sharif El Mentawi, Dominik Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, Ke Fang, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, A. Fritz, Philipp Fürst, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, L. Gerhardt, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. Gonzalez, Sreetama Goswami, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, Oliver Gries, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, Kathrine Mørch Groth, Christoph Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, Felix Henningsen, L. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, Sam Hori, K. Hoshina, Wenjie Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Karolin Hymon, S. In, A. Ishihara, M. Jacquart, Oliver Janik, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, Miaochen Jin, B. J. P. Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, Xinyue Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Khatee Zathul, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, A. Kochocki, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, J. Krishnamoorthi, Karlijn Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, A. Kumar, Emma Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. N. Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, Silvia Latseva, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, J. W. Lee, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, M. Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, M. Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, Christina Love, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, Elena Manao, Sarah Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, I. C. Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Yarno Merckx, Lukas Merten, J. Micallef, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Yasutsugu Morii, R. Morse, M. Moulai, Tista Mukherjee, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, Jannis Necker, Akshima Negi, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, A. Noell, A. Novikov, S. C. Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Vivian O'Dell, M. Oehler, Bob Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Josh Peterson, S. Philippen, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Axel Ponten, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, K. Rawlins, Zoë Rechav, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, Adam Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, Lea Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, Felix Schlüter, Nick Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh, S. Seunarine, R. Shah, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, D. Soldin, Philipp Soldin, Giacomo Sommani, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, Matthias Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, Jessie Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, C. F. Tung, R. Turcotte, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, B. Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, A. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, Matthias Vereecken, S. Verpoest, Doğa Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, C. Weaver, Philip Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, Alex Wen, Chris Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, Lucas Witthaus, Annika Wolf, Martin Wolf, Gerrit Wrede, Xiaolin Xu, J. P. Yáñez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, Robert Young, F. Yu, S. Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Zelong Zhang, P. Zhelnin, Perri Zilberman, Melany Zimmerman
Bibliographic record
VenueRWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) · 2023
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftVetenskapsrådetUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Advanced CyberinfrastructureEuropean CommissionWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetNational Research FoundationMichigan State UniversityUniversity of OxfordChiba UniversitySantenCompute CanadaMarquette University
KeywordsGalactic planeNeutrinoPhysicsAstronomyAstrophysicsGalaxyParticle physics
Abstract
The Galactic plane, harboring a diffuse neutrino flux, is a particularly interesting target to study potential cosmic-ray acceleration sites. Recent gamma-ray observations by HAWC and LHAASO have presented evidence for multiple Galactic sources that exhibit a spatially extended morphology and have energy spectra continuing beyond 100 TeV. A fraction of such emission could be produced by interactions of accelerated hadronic cosmic rays, resulting in an excess of high-energy neutrinos clustered near these regions. Using 10 years of IceCube data comprising track-like events that originate from charged-current muon neutrino interactions, we perform a dedicated search for extended neutrino sources in the Galaxy. We find no evidence for time-integrated neutrino emission from the potential extended sources studied in the Galactic plane. The most significant location, at 2.6$σ$ post-trials, is a 1.7$^\circ$ sized region coincident with the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source 3HWC J1951+266. We provide strong constraints on hadronic emission from several regions in the Galaxy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.318
Threshold uncertainty score0.930
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.286
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes