Research Notes: Comparing Jewish Anarchist Mutual Aid Initiatives in Montreal and Toronto: The Role of Cooperation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Constituting an important element of the Canadian Jewish diaspora, although relatively overlooked by the historiography, the Jewish anarchist movement was instrumental in operating two mutual aid initiatives in eastern Canada in the first half of the twentieth century. Based in Montreal and Toronto, these initiatives and the communities overseeing them were largely inspired by the anarchist humanitarian work for the benefit of political prisoners. The latter was heralded by the universal anarchist Emma Goldman, a frequent visitor of Canada. Locally, however, both groups were rooted in a complex relational network, ranging from the predominantly socialist Jewish organization Workmen’s Circle (Arbeiter Ring) to Zionist milieux and smaller anarchist communities mainly of Russian and Italian origin. Drawing on archival findings from the Jewish collections of Montreal and Toronto, as well as testimonies and scholarship on Jewish radicalism in Canada, the article ambitions to measure the limits of this multi-scale cooperation and its consequences for the local anarchist presence. Through a comparative analysis of the Montreal and Toronto movements, the study attempts to explain the differences in their evolution, as well as to identify the possible, only partly overlapping reasons for their decline circa 1940.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".