Surface Structure Dependence of Electrochemical Processes at Monocrystalline Nickel Electrodes. Part 1: The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monocrystalline nickel electrodes (Ni( hkl )) prepared using the controlled atmosphere flame fusion (CAFF) method are used to conduct a detailed study of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and to elucidate the influence of the surface arrangement of atoms on the mechanism and kinetics of the process. First, these electrodes are characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The shape of the CV profiles, which depends on the surface structure, confirms the monocrystalline nature of the Ni( hkl ) electrodes. The mechanism and kinetics of the HER at Ni( hkl ) electrodes are analyzed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements at a very low potential scan rate to ensure steady-state conditions. The LSV transients are used to prepare Tafel polarization plots and to determine the Tafel slope ( b ) and exchange current density ( j o ) values. Unlike in the case of polycrystalline Ni materials, these Tafel plots reveal two distinct linear regions. The b and j o values are found to depend on the surface geometry of the Ni( hkl ) electrodes. The values of j o are converted to the turnover number (TON) of H 2 molecules produced per surface atom per unit of time. An analysis of the j o and TON values reveals that the Ni(111) and Ni(110) electrodes show comparable electrocatalytic activities toward the HER; the electrocatalytic activity of the Ni(100) electrode is ca. twice lower. Cyclic voltammetry measurements are performed to examine the state of the Ni( hkl ) electrodes after the LSV measurements. They point to the development of a nickel hydride (NiH x ) in the near-surface region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".