Hyperactivity in patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia: an exploratory study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Patients with either Idiopathic Hypersomnia or Narcolepsy demonstrate excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) with resultant inattention mimicking Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Patients with ADHD also often express sleep problems including EDS. Thus, patients with ADHD and patients with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy may share inattention and daytime drowsiness as common features. However, it is not known whether EDS patients with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy also have increased movement (hyperactivity) like ADHD patients, the determination of which is the purpose of this study. Methods We studied 12 patients (7 Narcolepsy type 2 and 5 Idiopathic Hypersomnia) with EDS as shown by Multiple Sleep Latency Test which served as the gold standard for entry into the study. Twelve subjects without symptoms of EDS served as the control group. None of the participants had a previous history of ADHD. Each participant underwent a one-hour session laying at 45 degrees with surveys about the need to move and actigraphy as an objective measure of movement. Results Sleep-disordered patients with EDS reported more symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity on the ADHD Self-Report Scale. At each of the time points patients with EDS had a clear trend to express the need to move more than controls on the Suggested Immobilization Test (SIT). For the total 60 min, a large effect size for the need to move during the SIT test was found between patients and controls (Cohen’s d = 0.61, p = 0.01). Patients with EDS did not express a need to move more to combat drowsiness than controls, nor did actigraphy show any difference in objective movement between patients and controls during the SIT. Conclusion Patients with EDS express inattention and a need to move more than controls. However, hyperactivity was not verified by objective measurement, nor did the EDS patients express a need to move to combat drowsiness more than controls. Thus, a hypothesis to be further tested, is whether narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia may be more a model of the inattentive form of ADHD rather than the combined or inattentive/hyperactive form of ADHD. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between EDS and hyperactivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".