ADHD Symptoms of CEOs and Business Model Innovation in the SME Context
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In light of their typical resource constrains, limited internal capabilities, and heightened dynamism and adaptability, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are forced to be innovative to secure their competitive advantage. The decision to engage in business model innovation (BMI), especially in the context of SMEs operating in uncertain environments, is strongly dependent upon CEOs’ predisposition and personality characteristics. Drawing upon the strategic leadership theory and trait activation theory, we hypothesize that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms of CEOs significantly influence BMI activities, particularly under specific conditions. Using a sample of 367 Russian SMEs, we find evidence that the perceived level of general uncertainty and CEO tenure intensify the effect of ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms on BMI. A detailed discussion of our study’s implications for theory and practice in SME settings concludes the article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".