Convective Versus Conductive Heat Flow in The Central Alberta Part Of The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alberta, Canada, T6H 5X2. A detailed study of the hydrogeological and geothermal regimes in the Phanerozoic sequence of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin was carried out for the Swan Hills and Cold Lake areas in central Alberta. The study was based on the examination, processing and interpretation of information from 6276 wells distributed over a total area of 39,500 km². The information processed refers to stratigraphic picks, chemistry of formation waters, drill stem tests and bottom hole temperatures. As a result, every stratigraphic unit is defined in terms of geometry and lithology, and characterized by appropriate hydraulic and thermal parameters. A sequence of eight major aquifer groups separated by eight aquitards and two aquicludes was identified. The fluid flow in the Paleozoic aquifers is mainly horizontal and regional in nature, being driven by the difference in hydraulic potential between the high areas in the foothills and the lowland areas in the prairies. The fluid flow in the Cretaceous aquifers is of regional to intermediate type, with a significant downward component. The fluid flow in the aquitards is vertical. The very low permeability of the strata is reflected in flow velocities on the order of magnitude of 1 cm/a and less. Dimensional analysis of heat transport processes in each hydrostratigraphic unit shows that convective heat transfer is negligible with respect to conductive heat transfer. The respective values of the Peclet number for heat flow in porous media areas are less than 10-2. In the Swan Hills and Cold Lakes areas the flow of the terrestrial heat flux from the crystalline Precambrian basement of the sedimentary basin to the atmosphere is controlled by the geometry and the changes in the thermal properties of the formations in the basin. The geothermal gradients for individual layers vary from 17 mK/m for sandstone units to 42 mK/m for shales. The integral geothermal gradient of the entire sedimentary column varies between 22 mK/m and 36 mK/m. The areal distribution of the integral geothermal gradient shows a strong correlation with stratigraphy and lithology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".