Record W4385304972 · doi:10.22323/1.444.0367

Three-year performance of the IceAct telescopes at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

2023· article· en· W4385304972 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Lars Philipp Heuermann, M. Ackermann, Jenni Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, Juanan Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, Najia Moureen Binte Amin, K. Andeen, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, Sofia Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, Moreno Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Vedant Basu, Ryan Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, Charlotte Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Federico Bontempo, Julia Book, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, Sebastian BOSER, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, Etienne Bourbeau, Jim Braun, T. Bretz, Bennett Brinson, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Delaney Butterfield, Michael Campana, Kiara Carloni, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Sharmistha Chattopadhyay, Thien Nhan Chau, Chujie Chen, Zheyang Chen, D. Chirkin, Seowon Choi, Brian Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, Gabriel Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado Lopez, Shuyang Deng, Kunal Deoskar, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, Alejandro Díaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Alba Domi, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. A. DuVernois, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, Enrico Ellinger, Sharif El Mentawi, Dominik Elsässer, Ralph Engel, Hannah Erpenbeck, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, Ke Fang, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, Anatoli Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, Noah Goehlke, Javier Gonzalez, Sreetama Goswami, Darren Grant, Shannon Gray, Oliver Gries, S. Griffin, Spencer Griswold, Kathrine Mørch Groth, Christoph Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, Patrick Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, Felix Henningsen, John W. Hewitt, Nils Heyer, Stephanie Hickford, Attila Hidvégi, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, Kara Hoffman, Sam Hori, Kotoyo Hoshina, Wenjie Hou, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Karolin Hymon, Seongjin In, A. Ishihara, Marc Jacquart, Oliver Janik, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, Miaochen Jin, Ben Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, Xinyue Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, Arifa Khatee Zathul, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, Alina Kochocki, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Krishnamoorthi Jayakumar, Karlijn Kruiswijk, Emmett Krupczak, Anil Kumar, Emma Kun, Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, Silvia Latseva, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, Jiwoong Lee, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, Christina Love, Cristian Jesús Lozano Mariscal, Lu Lü, Francesco Lucarelli, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, Jim Madsen, Kendall Mahn, Yuya Makino, Elena Manao, Sarah Mancina, Wenceslas Marie Sainte, Ioana Codrina Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, Matthew Marsee, Ivan Martínez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, Yarno Merckx, Lukas Merten, Jessie Micallef, Justin Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Yasutsugu Morii, Bob Morse, Marjon Moulai, Tista Mukherjee, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, Maxwell Nakos, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, Akshima Negi, Miriam Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, Andreas Noell, Alexander Novikov, Sarah Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Vivian O'Dell, Marie Oehler, Bob Oeyen, Alex Olivas, Rasmus Ørsøe, Jesse Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, Nahee Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Axel Ponten, Yuriy Popovych, Maria Prado Rodriguez, Brandon Pries, Rachel Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, John Rack-Helleis, Katherine Rawlins, Zoë Rechav, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, Benedikt Riedel, Adam Rifaie, Ella Roberts, Sally Robertson, Steven T. Rodan, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, Li Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, Pranav Sampathkumar, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, M. Santander, Sourav Sarkar, S. Sarkar, Joelle Savelberg, Pierpaolo Savina, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, Sebastian Schindler, Lea Schlickmann, Berit Schlüter, Felix Schlüter, Nick Schmeisser, Torsten Schmidt, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, D. Seckel, Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh, S. Seunarine, Riya Shah, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, Nobuhiro Shimizu, M. Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, Ben Smithers, Robert Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, Dennis Soldin, Philipp Soldin, Giacomo Sommani, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, Christian Spiering, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, T. Stezelberger, Timo Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, Matthias Thiesmeyer, Will Thompson, Jessie Thwaites, Serap Tilav, Kirsten Tollefson, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, Delia Tosi, Alexander Trettin, C. F. Tung, Roxanne Turcotte, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Bunheng Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Anuj Kumar Upadhyay, Karriem Upshaw, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, Javi Vara, Joshua Veitch-Michaelis, Megha Venugopal, Matthias Vereecken, Stef Verpoest, Doğa Veske, Aishwarya Vijai, C. Walck, Chris Weaver, Philip Weigel, Andreas Weindl, Jan Weldert, Chris Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, Nathan Willey, Dawn Williams, Lucas Witthaus, Annika Wolf, Martin Wolf, Gerrit Wrede, Xianwu Xu, Juan Pablo Yáñez, Emre Burak Yildizci, S. Yoshida, Robert Young, Felix J. Yu, Shiqi Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Zelong Zhang, Pavel Zhelnin, Melany Zimmerman, A. Zink

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available

Typearticle

Languageen

FieldPhysics and Astronomy

TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena

Canadian institutionsnot available

FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityChiba UniversityKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftVetenskapsrådetUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Advanced CyberinfrastructureEuropean CommissionWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetNational Research FoundationMichigan State UniversityUniversity of OxfordCompute CanadaMarquette University

KeywordsPhysicsCherenkov radiationObservatoryTelescopeCosmic rayAir showerDetectorNeutrino detectorCherenkov Telescope ArraySilicon photomultiplierNeutrino astronomyNeutrinoFresnel lensAstronomyPhotomultiplierOpticsLens (geology)Neutrino oscillationScintillatorNuclear physics

DOI10.22323/1.444.0367

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

IceAct is an array of compact Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes at the ice surface as part of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The telescopes, featuring a camera of 61 silicon photomultipliers and fresnel-lens-based optics, are optimized to be operated in harsh environmental conditions, such as at the South Pole. Since 2019, the first two telescopes have been operating in a stereoscopic configuration in the center of IceCube's surface detector IceTop. With an energy threshold of about 10 TeV and a wide field-of-view, the IceAct telescopes show promising capabilities of improving current cosmic-ray composition studies: measuring the Cherenkov light emissions in the atmosphere adds new information about the shower development not accessible with the current detectors. First simulations indicate that the added information of a single telescope leads, e.g., to an improved discrimination between flux contributions from different primary particle species in the sensitive energy range. We review the performance and detector operations of the telescopes during the past 3 years (2020-2022) and give an outlook on the future of IceAct.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005

metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002

Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated

Candidate categoriesnone

Consensus categoriesnone

DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none

Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none

GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical

Teacher disagreement score0.020

Threshold uncertainty score0.039

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

Category	Codex	Gemma
Metaresearch	0.005	0.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)	0.001	0.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)	0.000	0.001
Bibliometrics	0.001	0.002
Science and technology studies	0.001	0.000
Scholarly communication	0.002	0.001
Open science	0.001	0.001
Research integrity	0.001	0.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)	0.001	0.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015

GPT teacher head0.209

Teacher spread0.195 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work

Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.

Study designObservational

Domainnot available

GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1

Published2023

Admission routes1

Has abstractyes

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