Bibliographic record
Abstract
L atin America has been a neglected area in the study of Canadian foreign relations.Te main thrust of Canadian diplomacy -and the study of Canadian diplomacy, has been east-west: toward Europe since the seventeenth century, and toward Asia since the middle of the nineteenth.Latin America was little considered.If Canada had a connection to the south, it was to the fragments of the British and French empires in the Caribbean.Canada's frst relations with the countries of the Caribbean were nongovernmental.Mining companies, utilities, banks, and insurance companies pursued and found proft in the British West Indies, Mexico, and especially Cuba.Cuba only became a sovereign state in 1898, afer the Spanish-American War.Tough it had all the apparatus of an independent country, it was essentially an American protectorate -certainly as far as the Americans were concerned.Tat did not inhibit Canadian banks and insurance companies from establishing a prominent position in the island nation's economy.As long as those investments were secure, Cuba had little or no salience as far as the Canadian government was concerned.Until 1959, that is, when Fidel Castro and an army of telegenically romantic revolutionaries captured Havana and over the next three years converted Cuba into a communist state.Fidel Castro's outsized personality had mass appeal both in and out of Cuba, and mass repulsion for those who disapproved of communism in general and Castro's brand of it specifcally.Te Americans were very defnitely in the second category.Canadian-Cuban vii
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.709 | 0.676 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".